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Glaucoma is a condition in which high pressure within the eyeball leads to progressive visual loss. It is very rare in children. Primary infantile glaucoma can occur from birth until early childhood and is usually bilateral. Infants present with enlargement of one or both eyes, along with some tearing and light sensitivity. Sometimes, the clear, front curvature of the eye (cornea) actually becomes cloudy or white.
Infantile glaucoma needs immediate attention. Unlike adults for whom eye drops can help to control the eye pressure, surgery is frequently required in infants and young children with glaucoma. While many times the diagnosis can be made in the office, sometimes children must be examined under anesthesia to confirm that they have glaucoma.
Glaucoma in children can also occur as a result of certain syndromes. Sturge-Weber syndrome represents a triad of findings including a port-wine birthmark of the face, brain abnormalities with possible seizures, and glaucoma. If the birthmark involves the eyelid, there is a higher risk of glaucoma. Other secondary causes of pediatric glaucoma are aniridia, Peter’s anomoly, and aphakia.